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Research project

G-Dem - The geo(politics) of democracy in the Western Balkans

Western Balkan region has long been examined as a site of contestation, where the ‘promise of democracy’ remained unfulfilled. Despite the region’s strategic importance at the historical, geographic and political crossroads between the ’East’ and the ‘West’, the question of how global geopolitics has impacted democratic development in the Western Balkans has surprisingly never been addressed. G-Dem bridges this gap by analysing the impact of external actors on democracy and autocracy promotion.

This project has received funding via the EUI Widening Programme call 2025. The EUI Widening Europe Programme initiative, backed by contributions from the European Union and EUI Contracting States, is designed to strengthen internationalisation, competitiveness, and quality in research in Widening countries, and thus foster a more cohesive European Higher Education and Research area.

Democratic decline in the Western Balkans has almost exclusively been studied as the result of unsuccessful democracy promotion, rather than as an outcome of strategic approaches to the global competition for power. The recent victory of Donald Trump in the US Presidential race, Vladimir Putin’s growing ambition to destabilise the EU and the NATO, and the economic rise of Xi Jinping’s China have massive implications on how democracy is understood and practiced by local political actors in the Western Balkan states. The tectonic change in the global geopolitics after Russia’s full-scale invasion on Ukraine in February 2022 thus calls for an urgent investigation of the impact of external actors on democracy and autocracy promotion. The G-Dem research project studies under what conditions do the democratising external actors bring about democratic decline, and when do the autocratic ones have the highest leverage for de-democratisation.

This project leverages an expert network covering all six Western Balkan states and a transnational Advisory Board, to bond the disconnected democratisation and geopolitics research agendas. In so doing, G-Dem offers a multilayered contribution, which is substantively both conceptual and empirical, and methodologically interdisciplinary, collaborative, and context-sensitive.

The project feeds into the activities of the Southeastern Europe: Transitions, Prospects, Crossroads Research Area of the Global Governance Programme at the EUI's Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.

 

For more information about the EUI Widening Europe Programme, please visit the official webpage.

The team

Group members

  • Ioannis Armakolas

    Professor

    University of Thessaloniki - Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ) and Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP)

  • Dimitar Bechev

    Senior Fellow

    Carnegie Europe

  • Ramadan Ilazi

    Director

    Kosovar Centre for Security

  • Simonida Kacarska

    Director

    European Policy Centre

  • Portrait picture of Biljana Kotevska

    Biljana Kotevska

    Max Weber Fellow

    Max Weber Programme for Postdoctoral Studies

    Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies

  • Portrait picture of Miranda Loli

    Miranda Loli

    Max Weber Fellow

    Max Weber Programme for Postdoctoral Studies

    Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies

  • Portrait picture of Alexander Mesarovich

    Alexander Mesarovich

    Max Weber Fellow

    Florence School of Transnational Governance

    Max Weber Programme for Postdoctoral Studies

  • Jiří Němec

    PhD candidate

    Masaryk University - Masarykova univerzita

  • Gazela Pudar Draško

    Director

    University of Belgrade – Univerzitet u Beogradu - Institute for Philosophy and Social Theory

  • Vera Stojarova

    Professor

    Masaryk University - Masarykova univerzita

  • Portrait picture of Vuk Uskokovic

    Vuk Uskokovic

    Research Associate

    Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies

  • Milada Vachudova

    Professor

    University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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The (geo)politics of democracy in Albania

This report identifies external geopolitical actors, the current state of their involvement, and their respective strategies at different levels in Albania. It analyses the mechanisms and channels through which these actors exert influence, ranging from economic investments to media disinformation. The report also discusses the outcomes of this influence.

Read more The (geo)politics of democracy in Albania
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The (geo)politics of democracy in Bosnia and Herzegovina

This report identifies external geopolitical actors, the current state of their involvement, and their respective strategies at different levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It analyses the mechanisms and channels through which these actors exert influence, ranging from economic investments to media disinformation. The report also discusses the outcomes of this influence, including the reinforcement of authoritarian tendencies and the weakening of democratic institutions.

Read more The (geo)politics of democracy in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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The (geo)politics of democracy in Kosovo

This report identifies external geopolitical actors, the current state of their involvement, and their respective strategies at different levels in Kosovo. It analyses the mechanisms and channels through which these actors exert influence, ranging from economic investments to media disinformation. The report also discusses the outcomes of this influence.

Read more The (geo)politics of democracy in Kosovo
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The (geo)politics of democracy in Montenegro

This report identifies external geopolitical actors, the current state of their involvement, and their respective strategies at different levels in Montenegro. It analyses the mechanisms and channels through which these actors exert influence, ranging from economic investments to media disinformation. The report also discusses the outcomes of this influence.

Read more The (geo)politics of democracy in Montenegro
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The (geo)politics of democracy in North Macedonia

This report identifies external geopolitical actors, the current state of their involvement, and their respective strategies at different levels in North Macedonia. It analyses the mechanisms and channels through which these actors exert influence, ranging from economic investments to media disinformation. The report also discusses the outcomes of this influence.

Read more The (geo)politics of democracy in North Macedonia
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The (geo)politics of democracy in Serbia

This report identifies external geopolitical actors, the current state of their involvement, and their respective strategies at different levels in Serbia. It analyses the mechanisms and channels through which these actors exert influence, ranging from economic investments to media disinformation. The report also discusses the outcomes of this influence.

Read more The (geo)politics of democracy in Serbia

External Partners

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